Introduction to idioms
A stereotyped phrase or phrase that is part of a language's vocabulary. Chinese idioms have fixed structural forms and fixed sayings, express certain meanings, and are used as a whole in sentences. For example:
Be concise and to the point, move forward courageously, be opposite and complementary, and seek truth from facts.
Teaching people tirelessly, year after year, and finding fish at the critical moment.
Shave your feet to fit the shoes, use all your hands and eight legs, don’t donate small or large ones, sit in a well and look at the sky
A large part of idioms are inherited from ancient times, and their wording is often different from modern Chinese. Among them are sentences from ancient books, phrases compressed from ancient articles, and idioms often spoken by the people. Some meanings can be understood literally, while others are difficult to understand literally, especially allusive ones. Such as "the cows are full of sweat", "the tiger is perched on the dragon's pan", "the mountain is coming back", "the grass and trees are all soldiers", etc., occupy a certain proportion in Chinese idioms. Chinese has a long history and has many idioms, which is also a characteristic of Chinese.
An idiom is a ready-made word, similar to idioms and proverbs, but also slightly different. The most important point is that idioms and proverbs are of a spoken nature, while idioms mostly come from writing and are of a literary nature. Secondly, in terms of language form, idioms are almost all conventional four-character structures, and the words cannot be changed at will, while idioms and proverbs are always looser and can be more or less, not limited to four characters. For example, "cutting the mess with a sharp knife", "the power of nine oxen and two tigers", "a donkey's lips are not as good as a horse's mouth", "fear of wolves in front, fear of tigers in back", these are often said idioms; "seeing is better than hearing a hundred times", " "True gold is not afraid of fire", "Where there is a will, there is a way", "A road is far away and a horse's strength is known, but time is a long way to see the heart". These are some words of experience, which express a complete meaning and belong to the category of proverbs. Idioms are different from idioms and proverbs.
Most idioms have a certain origin. For example, "the fox fakes the tiger's power" comes from "Warring States Policy·Chu Ce", "snipe and clam fight" comes from "Yan Ce", "adding insult to injury" comes from "Qi Ce", "carving a boat to seek a sword" comes from "Lu Shi Chun Qiu· Cha Jin" , "self-contradiction" comes from "Han Feizi·Nanshi", and they are all ancient fables. For example, "returning the perfect jade to Zhao" comes from "Historical Records: Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru", "breaking cauldrons and sinking boats" comes from "Historical Records: The Benji of Xiang Yu", "every tree and grass are soldiers" comes from "Book of Jin: Records of Fu Jian", "killing two birds with one stone" comes from "History of the North" "The Biography of Changsun Sheng" and "The Sweet Mouth and the Sword in the Belly" come from "The Biography of Li Linfu in the Book of Tang Dynasty", and they are all stories in history. As for intercepting sentences from ancient books and using them as four-character idioms, it is more common. For example, "in an orderly manner" is taken from "Shangshu Pan Geng" "If the outline is in the outline, it is orderly and orderly", and "drawing inferences from one example" is taken from "The Analects of Confucius·Shu'er" "If you use one corner, if you don't use three corners to make the opposite, it will not be repeated." , "Heartbroken and bitter" is taken from "Zuo Zhuan" in the 13th year of Chenggong's reign. "Dividing courts to resist etiquette", "servile and servile" are taken from Ge Hong's "Baopuzi·Jiaoji" of the Jin Dynasty, "Those who regard Yue Zhi as an independent person are astringent and clumsy, and those who are servile and servile are the understanding of the world", "Be confident" are taken from Su Shi's "Wen Yu" of the Song Dynasty "The Story of Yanzhu in Yuandang Valley" "To draw bamboo, you must first have the bamboo in your heart." The list goes on and on. There are also many others who use ancient articles to form sentences. For example, "worried" comes from "The Book of Songs·Zhaonan·CaoChong", "externally strong but internally capable" comes from "Zuo Zhuan" in the fifteenth year of Duke Xi's reign, "waiting for work with ease" comes from "Sun Tzu·Military Struggle", "when the truth comes to light" comes from Su Shi's "Hou Chibi Fu", "Meet by chance" comes from "Preface to Prince Teng's Pavilion" by Wang Bo of the Tang Dynasty, and "unbreakable" comes from "Ping Huaixi Stele" by Han Yu of the Tang Dynasty.
Some four-character idioms commonly spoken by people can also be classified as idioms. Such as "talking about words", "sloppily speaking", "contrary to the rules", "not three or four", "outspoken", etc., which have the same structure as idioms. There are also some idioms that appear as a result of accepting foreign cultures. Such as "the sky is falling", "a wake-up call", "unbelievable", and "the only way" are all.
Idioms are generally in four-character format, and less often if they are not four-character. Such as "Fifty steps lead to a hundred steps", "Haste makes waste", "A drunkard's intention is not to drink". Idioms generally use four characters, which is related to the syntactic structure of Chinese itself and the fact that ancient Chinese mainly uses monosyllabic words.
The four-character grammatical structure mainly has the following forms:
Subject-predicate form: worthy of the name, domineering, unfounded worry, and confident;
Passive-object form: likes to teach others, is incomprehensible, and is afraid of the road;
Combined subject and predicate: the world is turned upside down, the truth is revealed, and people are dancing;
Combined verb and object: know yourself and the enemy, recharge your batteries, guard against mistakes, and give orders;
Joint noun form: carelessness, going in the wrong direction, looking through the mirror;
Combined verb form: make rapid progress, move forward courageously;
Dynamic complement: get away with it, ask questions from the blind;
Conjunctive expression: beggar-thy-neighbor, intimidating.
The structures of idioms are diverse, and the above are just simple examples. Idioms play a vivid, concise and vivid role in language expression. It itself has many metaphors, contrasts and emphatic wording methods. For example, "Yang serves Yin but violates", "Externally strong but internally strong", "Colorful", "Half-informed", "Battery", "Worrying about gains and losses", "Shuddering", etc. each have their own wonderful uses. Therefore, writers pay great attention to the use of idioms.
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