Summary of knowledge points about organic matter in high school chemistry

Summary of knowledge points on organic matter in high school chemistry is a summary of knowledge points on organic matter in high school chemistry. Organic compounds usually refer to carbon elements and hydrogen elements, and are compounds that must contain carbon. Organic matter is the material basis for the production of life. Today, many petroleum, cotton, glass, etc. are related to organic compounds. In view of the importance of chemical knowledge points, the editor provides you with this summary of high school chemistry knowledge points about two common organic compounds in life. I hope it will be useful to you. Studying in chemistry helped.

In addition to carbon-containing elements, most organic compound molecules contain hydrogen, and some also contain elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, halogens, sulfur, and phosphorus. There are nearly 80 million known organic compounds. In the early days, organic compounds referred to substances obtained from animal and plant organisms. Since Wheeler synthesized urea in 1828, the boundary between organic and inorganic substances has disappeared. However, due to historical and customary reasons, the term "organic" is still used. Organic compounds are of great significance to humans. All life forms on earth are mainly composed of organic matter. Organic matter is of great significance to human life, living, and production. All living things on earth contain large amounts of organic matter.

Structural characteristics of organic compounds

Organic compounds: There are many types and a huge number (more than 30 million species are known, and the number is increasing by millions every year).

But there are few constituent elements, including C, H, O, N, P, S, X (halogen: F, Cl, Br, I), etc.

The bonding characteristics of carbon atoms in organic compounds: The outermost layer of carbon atoms has 4 electrons, and it is difficult to lose or gain electrons to form cations or anions. Carbon atoms form covalent compounds with various non-metals such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus through covalent bonds.

2. Isomerism of organic compounds. Compounds have the same molecular formula but different structures, so there are differences in properties. This phenomenon is called isomerism. Compounds with isomerism are isomers of each other. In organic compounds, as the number of carbon atoms increases, the number of isomers also increases. The phenomenon of isomers is very common in organic matter, which is one of the reasons why the number of organic compounds in nature is very large.